Vol: 15, Issue: 2 2025

Page: 1-12

Economic Analysis Of The Relationship Between Public Debt And Net Public Budget For The Period 2004-2020 (Iraq Case Study)

Ali Jaafafr Neder

Received Date: 2025-02-20

Accepted Date: 2025-03-20

Published Date: 2025-04-06

http://doi.org/10.37648/ijtbm.v15i02.001

The subject of public debt and budget deficit is one of the topics that attracted the attention of researchers, so that the researcher adopted the descriptive and analytical approach to clarify the theoretical framework for both public debt and budget deficit, and the researcher also focused on analyzing the relationship between the total public debt and the public budget deficit in Iraq for the period 2004-2020, and the researcher concluded that the continuation of the deficit in the general budget leads to dependence on public debt in financing this deficit, which means. Increasing the financial burdens on the state, due to the increase in debt service burdens (installments and interest), as the researcher recommended relying on an economic strategy to manage the public debt in a way that avoids the Iraqi economy any financial and economic crises.

References

• Robert Dippelsman, Claudia Dziobek and cariosa, The Definition of Public Sector, Gutierre zmangas International Monetary Fund, 2012, p4.
• Mohammed, Shaima Fadel, and others, Measuring the impact of the development of public debt on Iraq's federal budget using the (ARDL) model, Wasit University Journal for Human Sciences, Volume 14, 2018, p. 102.
• Youssef, Hassan Youssef 'Central Banks and their Role in Economies of Countries,' 1st Floor, Alexandria, University Education House, 2014, p105.
• Al-Obaidi, Maysoon A.Lee Hussein, Muhammad, Amr Hisham, Trends of Internal Religion in Iraq and the Required Future Path, Journal of Al-Mustansiriya Center for Arab and International Studies, Volume 62, Issue, 62, 2018, p. 88
• Ali, Ahmed Abrihi, Public Debt Policy and Characteristics of the Oil Economy, Iraqi Journal of Economic Sciences, Thirteenth Year, Issue 46, 2015, p. 196.
• Al-Shayji, Walid Khalid, Introduction to Islamic Public Finance, First Edition, Dar Al-Nafais for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, 2005, p 126.
• Al-Nuaimi, Adnan Tayeh, Al-Tamimi, Arshad Fouad, Advanced Financial Management, Amman, Jordan, 2008, p 198.
• Jawad, Sarmad Abbas, Ali Abbas Fadel, ways to develop public revenue sources in Iraq, Ministry of Finance, Economic Department, Iraq, 2009, p 16
• Abdel Rahman, Farag Abdullah, The Impact of Interest Rate and Foreign Exchange Changes on Public Debt in Egypt, Journal of Economic Literature, Volume 21, Issue 4, 2020, p. 239.
• Al-Nujaifi, Salem Tawfiq, Economic Stabilization and Structural Adjustment Policies and their Impact on Arab Economic Integration, 1st Edition, House of Wisdom, Baghdad, 2002, p. 53.
• Al-Obaidi, Saeed Ali Mohammed, Economics of Public Finance, 1st Edition, Dar Dijlah for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, Jordan, 2011, p. 165.
• Hamza Al-Taibi, The Impact of Foreign Debt on Economic Development in Developing Countries, Master's Thesis, Economic Sciences, University of Algiers, 2008, p 56.
• Corina, C. R. Public debt, structure and characteristics Romania’s case, Annals of the Constantin Brâncuşi , University of Târgu Jiu, Economy Series 3 , 2013 , P32.
• Al-Jabari, Akbar Ali Mohiuddin, The Problem of External Financing for Developing Countries Arab Open Academy In Denmark, 2009, p. 13.
• Othmani, Maryam, Boushallah, Lotfi, the legal system of the public loan contract, a comparative study, 1st edition, Center for Arab Studies for Publishing and Distribution, Egypt, 2016, p 109.
• Kadi, Abdel Majid, Introduction to Macroeconomic Policies, University Publications Office, Algeria, 2004.
• Hassan Abdul Karim Salloum, Dr. Muhammad Khaled Al-Mahaini, the general budget between preparation and implementation, Journal of Administration and Economics, Al-Mustansiriya University, No. 64, 2007, p 95.
• Mahmoud Younis and Abdel Moneim Mubarak, Introduction to Money and the Business of Banks and Financial Markets, University House, Alexandria, 2003.
• Hussein, Imad Hassan, Analysis of the relationship between public spending and financial sustainability of selected countries with special reference to Iraq, PhD thesis, College of Administration and Economics, University of Baghdad, 2015, p 206.
• Al-Musawi, Watheq Ali, Economic Stability, Part 2, 1st Edition, Dar Al-Ayam for Printing and Publishing, Amman, Jordan, 2015, p. 111.
• Mohamed, Manal Gaber Morsi, The reciprocal relationship between the Egyptian budget deficit and the inflation rate, Scientific Journal of Economics and Commerce, Faculty of Commerce, Soha C University, 2021,
• Ahmed, Mona Habib, The relationship between the public budget deficit and public indebtedness in Egypt, Tikrit Journal of Political Science, published research, No. 25, 2021, p. 162.
• Khoshnaw, Sabah Saber Muhammad, Analysis and measurement of the impact of the public budget deficit and money supply on the general level of prices in Iraq, Anbar University Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, published research, Volume 11, Issue 25, 2019, pp. 26-27.
• Ahmed Ibrahim Hussein, Hashem Mohammed Abdullah, Measuring the Effectiveness of Fiscal Policy Tools in Financing the Public Budget Deficit of Selected Developed Countries, Published Research, Al-Riyada Journal for Finance and Business, Volume III, Issue 3, 2022, pp. 61-62.
• Khoshnaw, Sabah Saber Muhammad, previous source, pp. 27-28.